Maranda

Maranda ** Memorandum Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Preschool Years **


 * In this chapter the focus was on how preschoolers develop cognitively. The different theories we covered were Piaget's theory of preoperational thinking, information processing theory, and Vygotsky's vies of cognitive development. **


 * Piaget believed that children are not yet able to engage in organized, formal, logical thinking. They can understand symbolic function, which is interconnected with language acquisition. This connection allows for increased development, which allows them to think quicker, beyond the future, and consider several possibilities at one time. **

We Discussed:
 * ** Centration, conservation, and transformation **
 * ** Egocentric versus Intuitive Thought **

**Information Processing Approaches: **
 * Preschoolers may demonstrated a surprisingly sophisticated understanding of number. Most preschoolers can carry out simply addition and subtraction problems. Autobiographical memory: memory of particular events from one's life is not very accurate until age 3. **
 * According to information processing approaches: cognitive development consists of gradual improvements in the ways people perceive, understand, and remember. **


 * Vygotsky's View of Cognitive Development: **
 * Nature and progress of children's cognitive development are dependent on children's social and cultural context. Cognition proceeds because of social interactions where partners jointly work to solve problems, and this partnership is determined by social and cultural factors. Vygotsky believes that children's cognitive abilities increase when information is provided within their zone of ZPD. **
 * Assistance provided by others: Scaffolding. **
 * Language Development: **

**1. Sentence Length Increases **
 * 2.Syntax doubles each month **
 * 3. Vocabulary Increases by Fast Mapping **
 * 4. Acquire principles of Grammar **
 * 5. Engage in Private Speech **
 * 6. Aspect of Pragmatics Grows **
 * <span style="color: #001269; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">7. Engage in Social Speech **


 * The different early childhood education programs: Childcare centers, Preschools, School day care. **
 * They have both positive and negative elements. The key factor in determining the effects of early education programs is quality. **
 * Best-known program to promote future academic success: Head Start. **
 * Children require developmentally appropriate educational practice that is based on both typical development and the unique characteristics of a given child. **

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Questions:** <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Georgia,serif;">**1.What is the ZPD and what Theory of Cognitive Development does this come from?** (i) Use knowledge of how children develop and learn to provide opportunities that support the physical, social, emotional, language, cognitive, and aesthetic development of all children <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Georgia,serif;">**2. Describe centration and transformation. Explain how the two are related.** (ii) Use knowledge of how children differ in their development and approaches to learning to support the development and learning of individual children. <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Georgia,serif;">**3. List 2 ways living in Poverty affect language development? How can you as a future teacher/parent create a healthy learning language environment for your children?** (iii) Establish and maintain physically and psychologically safe and healthy learning environments for children.
 * Media: average preschooler watches 20-30 hours of TV a week. Television may be harnessed to facilitate cognitive growth. **

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