Abigail

Abigail = Birth and the Newborn Infant ! = =** Chapter 4 :MEMORANDUM **= =media type="custom" key="11507236"= In this chapter, we discussed the birth process, and the development of infants. The chapter begin with the birth process. There are three stages to the process. The first stage is the longest. This stage begins with contractions. From here we move to stage 2. This stage lasts about 90 mins. This stage ends when the baby has passed through the birth canal. The last stage is stage 3. During this stage, the placenta and umbilical is delivered. This happens very quickly.The APGAR scale measures the health of newborns based on five areas : APPEARANCE, PULSE, GRIMANCE, ACTIVITY,RESPIRATION. A normal child will have scores between 7-10. There are two types of epidurals: traditional and walking. When a baby goes into distress during labor, a c- section may be prompted. Remember that newborn learn in three ways. 1. Classical Conditioning occurs less than 48 hours in infants after being born. An example is a hungry baby stops crying when her mother picks her up because she has learned to associate being picked up with being fed. 2. Operant Conditioning is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthen or weakened depending on the association with positive or negative consequences. An example is when a baby laughs and the parents have positive attention to him/her, the baby will laugh more often. The vice versus is also possible. 3. Habituation is the decrease in the response to a stimulus after repeated presentation. An example is when a baby lose interest in a toy after seeing the toy several times.

Questions: 1. Describe the three ways children learn and provide examples of each. *standard (i) Use knowledge of how children develop and learn 2. Describe the reasons a natural birth may not take place. *standard (xx) Demonstrate understanding of developmental consequences of stress and trauma. 3. Describe the APGAR scale and how scores are determined. *standard(i) Use knowledge of how children develop and learn